“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 40

The collections within the Department of History contain newspaper clippings, genealogies, published histories, and photographs, but a number of interesting artifacts and ephemera items serve as a window into Orleans County’s material culture.

This photograph shows a collection of souvenir tickets from the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition held in Chicago, Illinois. The collection once belonged to Dr. Frank Haak Lattin, a dealer in natural specimens, a physician, and Assemblyman from New York.

Nearly 125 years ago, the United States prepared to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the new world in 1492. In order to host this massive event, 200 new but temporary buildings were constructed upon 600 acres of land using neoclassical architecture. A large central pool represented the long cross-Atlantic voyage of Columbus four centuries prior, a true symbol of American exceptionalism. Dedicated on October 21, 1892, the fair officially opened to the public on May 1, 1893 and ran through October 30, 1893. In addition to the celebration of this monumental occasion, the fair served as a representation of Chicago’s rebirth after the Great Fire in 1871; the city rising from the proverbial ashes.

Although centered in Chicago, the World’s Exposition featured numerous connections to Western New York and Orleans County. Frederick Douglass, once a resident of Rochester, was selected to serve as the national delegate for Haiti. Frederick Law Olmsted, who designed the University of Rochester campus and countless parks in the Western New York area, was responsible for the layout of the fairgrounds.

The Mines & Mining Building used to house representations of America’s rich coal, oil, and steel resources was designed by Solon Spencer Beman, the same man who later designed the Pullman Universalist Church in Albion. Some historians have argued that the World’s Fair in 1893 was the first time that the term “Windy City” was used to refer to the city of Chicago. Charles Anderson Dana, who as a boy lived at Gaines Basin and later served as the editor of the New York Sun, was credited with coining that phrase.

Two of Orleans County’s own were present at the Fair, overseeing exhibitions in the Anthropology building. Frank Hamilton Cushing (Barre), the noted anthropologist and ethnologist who specialized in the study of the Zuni Indians in New Mexico, and Frank Haak Lattin (Gaines), a purveyor in natural specimens and publisher of The Oologist, both participated in the Exposition.

Lattin’s exhibit of natural specimens occupied nearly 2,000 square feet of space and his participation in the Fair provided him with the opportunity to purchase the collection once belonging to Col. Ezekiel Jewett consisting of over 50,000 shell specimens.

Visitors were provided with a number of different tokens and keepsakes to take away from the Fair. Coins and medallions were cast for distribution, but others chose to hold on to the tickets that guaranteed them entrance into the Exposition. Approximately 60,000 individuals were provided with “portrait tickets” that featured images of Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Christopher Columbus, Georg Friedrich Handel, and an image of a Native American chief based largely on stereotypes. Each image was meant to represent a distinct period in American History.

These “season tickets” ensured exhibitors ongoing access to the Exposition between May and October, which would explain why Lattin retained at least one set of tickets; it is presumed that his wife was provided the second set. Since these tickets were used for ongoing access to exhibit areas, these slips of paper were often torn, bent, folded, or dropped in puddles of water resulting in wrinkles and splotched ink, but these tickets remain in excellent condition.

Also included in the set are two one-day tickets purchased at a cost of $.50, or approximately $14 today. These guaranteed visitors access to the Fair on the same day the ticket was purchased; children received “special” tickets at half-price. Other tickets, like the “Manhattan Day” and “Chicago Day” tickets provided limited access to special events during the Fair. On Manhattan Day, New York’s finest including the president of Columbia University, the mayor of New York City, ex-mayors, congressmen, clergy, judges, and commissioners all enjoyed fine dining and entertainment; Chicago Day, on the other hand, set a world record for event attendance with 751,026 people participating.

Of course, the Columbian Exposition was a place of many firsts, introducing Quaker Oats, Shredded Wheat, Pabst Blue Ribbon, and the Ferris wheel to American society, the Fair also gave rise to America’s first serial killer, H. H. Holmes, who was recently suspected of being Jack the Ripper.

We are remarkably fortunate that pieces of history like this still exist locally!

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“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 39

MEDINA – Taken sometime around 1913, this image shows the building occupied by William J. Gallagher’s transfer company on North Main Street in Medina. Situated out front is a wagon owned by Gibbons & Stone, a local dealer in pianos and organs. A man stands in the entryway to the building and a pile of wheels and axels are piled up on the front corner. A fleet of wagons are parked out front to the right of the building’s main door and the Erie Canal is visible in the background.

Originally opened by George Hall as “Dime Delivery,” William Gallagher purchased this business in 1906 and quickly began the process of expanding and developing the outfit. Prior to his entry into the moving industry, Gallagher spent two years working as a rural mail carrier out of the Medina Post Office.

Shortly after this photograph was taken, William Gallagher’s Moving Vans outfit outgrew its current space and eventually relocated to a site on Orient and East Center streets. It was around this time that he introduced a motor truck to his fleet of vehicles, becoming one of the first in Western New York to do so.

By 1921 Gallagher’s business was one of the largest of its kind in this region. A fleet of fourteen wagons with 28 horses and one auto-truck provided service to residents of Medina. Specialists in moving household furniture, employees were efficient in the packing, crating, wrapping, and preparation of goods for shipment by railroad. Gallagher arranged for items to be shipped to other destinations where comparable firms would complete the process of delivering and unpacking the goods. The padded and covered wagons allowed the business to safely ship items as far out as Buffalo and Rochester while providing hourly delivery services for many businesses in the Medina area.

Gallagher’s business interests did not cease with his trucking company. In 1921, he partnered with Charles Ingersoll in a construction business that earned numerous contracts for highway work in the Orleans County area. Dissolving the partnership and continuing on his own, he was responsible for constructing over 300 miles of highway throughout Western New York including Niagara Falls Boulevard, Brockport-Spencerport Road, segments of Rt. 18, Rt. 5 from Westfield to Erie, PA, and all of the cement streets in Medina. His largest feat came with the completion of the Rt. 18 bridge over the Oak Orchard Creek. As the previous contractor failed to complete the project due to quicksand in the creek bed, Gallagher completed the 400-foot structure, one of the largest single span bridges in the region.

Most residents of Medina recognize the Gallagher name from the large barn that still stands on Gravel Road near Boxwood Cemetery. Purchasing this farm in the mid-1920s, Gallagher took an interest in livestock and specialized in breeding Guernsey cattle and Belgian horses.

He was held in high esteem throughout Medina, serving with the 3rd New York Infantry (later Co. F 108th) during the Spanish American War, serving as village trustee, and assisting in the organization of the Medina Trust Company. Gallagher later provided an old residence at the corner of Orient and East Center streets to Lincoln Post 1483 V.F.W. as a meeting house.

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“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 38

CARLTON – This photograph, taken in the summer of 1922, shows the construction of the bridge over Marsh Creek at “The Bridges” in Carlton. Originally known as “Two Bridges,” the span over Marsh Creek predates 1861 when a committee was put in place to explore the replacement of the bridge.

On November 29, 1861, Almanzor Hutchinson reported that $800 was available to replace the bridge over Marsh Creek and upon the motion of Mr. Abell, Daniel Howe was placed in charge of overseeing the replacement. The following day, for a reason unbeknownst to this historian, the Board of Supervisors released Daniel Howe from his responsibilities and authorized David Fuller to oversee the work.

The bridge faithfully served the community for nearly 44 years when the town of Carlton determined that the structure was in dire need of repairs. This 128-foot-long, 18.5-foot-wide span with a 16.5-foot-wide concrete surface was completed in August of 1922. The final cost to complete the bridge totaled $12,000, roughly $2,000 under budget.

The project was supervised by Carlton Highway Superintendent L. Waldo Callard, who was presented a generous gift of $100 in gold for completion of his responsibilities. William Wigley, a resident of the town for over 40 years, offered an address and presented the gift to Callard.

The opening of the bridge was a celebrated event throughout the community. Bernard Ryan was slated to address the crowds that gathered while a parade led residents across the bridge. Local newspapers reported that a wedding was to take place on the bridge as well, all before the day’s activities concluded with Carlton’s baseball championship between Waterport and Kent.

This image, looking south, shows the incomplete deck of the new span while three men work, a gentleman sits to observe the others working. It appears as though a child has sat down to observe the work as well; a man is laboring on the south side of the creek with steam equipment.

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Photo courtesy of Dick Pilon

ALBION – Dick Pilon, who is retired from the grocery business in Albion, shared this photo of members of the 1955 Albion football team.

Pilon dropped off this photo at the Orleans Hub and Lake Country Pennysaver, 170 North Main St., Albion. (Homecoming Week will be celebrated at the school Sept. 18-23.)

Pictured include, from left, bottom row: John Burroughs; Philip (Fred) Ciarico, Lawrence Atwell, Wallace (Wally) Dale, Matteo (Matt) Pecorella, David (Splash) Spierdowis and William (Billy) Narburgh. Back row: Richard (Dick) Pilon, Eugene (Unis) Ulianelli, Charles (Charlie) Derwick and David (Sip) Saeva.

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Photos by Tom Rivers

SHELBY – The Orleans County Heritage Festival held a kick off celebration on Friday at Forrestel Farm with music by City Fiddle in Buffalo. Many of the attendees square dancing.

City Fiddle includes, from left: Phil Banasczak on mandolin, his wife Gretchen in back playing fiddle and singing, Margaret Matthews in front as the caller, and Tim Pitcher playing the guitar.

The Heritage Festival includes many events this weekend and on Sept. 16-17. Organizers are trying to highlight the many historic sites in the county, while providing experiential learning.

JJ Heideman of BAD-AsH-BBQ served up pulled pork and other food that was popular with the crowd.

Attendees of the festival receive a commemorative button.

Derek Maxfield, one of the festival coordinators, presents Lynne Menz, the county’s tourism coordinator, with a special recognition award for her “outstanding effort” in preserving and promoting Orleans County heritage.

“She has been an indispensable person in our group of coordinators,” said Maxfield, a GCC history professor.

Maxfield is dressed as a major general from the Civil War named John Henry Martindale of Batavia.

Phil Banasczak plays the mandolin while some of the attendees squared danced at Forrestel.

The farm is a historic site, with the main house built in 1825. Mary Herbert, a fifth-generation owner of the site, gave tours of the farm.

Some of the attendees give square dancing a try at Forrestel.

Jim Simon, dean of the GCC campus centers in Albion and Medina, welcomes people to the Heritage Festival. He also helped park cars and direct traffic at Forrestel.

This weekend’s events include:

• “Ancestors, Legends & Lore” today at GCC in Albion, 456 West Ave., from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. There will be a focus on Victorian Spiritualism with a lecture, display, and a parlor séance, as well as a genealogy workshop.

• There will be a guided WWII Victory Garden from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. today at the Cornell Cooperative Ext./4-H Fairgrounds in Knowlesville. Master Gardeners have created a WWII Victory Garden similar to those utilized by US civilians during WWII. They have grown varieties common during that era and will hand out copies of authentic Cornell Cooperative Extension 1942 informational Victory Garden leaflets.

• On Sunday from 7 p.m to 8:30 p.m. at the Hoag Library in Albion, County Historian Matt Ballard will discuss the service of WWI veterans of Orleans County. At 8 p.m., Company F Memorial Creative Director Lynne Menz and Sculptor Brian Porter will provide an update on the progress on the Company F bronze statue in Medina.

To see the full schedule of events, including participating museums and historic sites, click here.

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“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 37

ALBION – This photograph taken in the 1920s shows the Lone Star Inn as it appeared on Gaines Basin Road. Located on the old Thurston Farm, this property was located across from the current Orleans County Correctional Facility on 130 acres adjacent to the Howard farm.

In 1923 Lewis E. Sands established the Lone Star Inn, a “quaint homestead with glass enclosed verandas, set on a knoll a few hundred yards off the Million Dollar Highway.” Directions to the property instructed visitors to turn “at the cobblestone schoolhouse,” the old Loveland School since demolished near the intersection of Rt. 31 and Gaines Basin Road. The restaurant quickly earned a reputation as a destination for high quality meals in Orleans County.

In November of 1930, Sands was operating a bakery out of the building in addition to the restaurant and inn during the summer months. While working in the kitchen, Lewis heard a faint crackling sound coming from the garage and after further investigation, was greeted by flames and smoke upon opening the door. He fetched his helper, Walter Waters, and the two men were quickly flushed out into the near-zero temperatures without adequate clothing to keep them warm.

The Albion Fire Department responded to the blaze, but found it difficult to contain the fire due to a lack of water. Newspapers reported that Sheriff Lawrence Higley was the first official at the scene, entering the building periodically to rescue various pieces of furniture. It was expected that the fire would cost Sands nearly $3,500 in personal loss in addition to the over $15,000 in damage to the property. Although several other fires occurred within the vicinity, leading residents to suspect a fire-bug was to blame, Sands admitted that the electrical wiring in the garage was shoddy at best and likely the cause of the fire.

For many years, Lewis Sands was regarded as the “Bean King,” cornering the bean market in this region until his business collapsed around 1924. His business interests had amassed debt nearing the $1,000,000 mark, which resulted in charges of grand larceny and forgery being brought against him on several occasions. Although his personal secretary, Grace Gerkes, was convicted of forgery and sentenced to time at Auburn Prison, Sands was acquitted of charges on two occasions.

Despite his poor luck in business, Sands was well respected within the community as a charter member of the Albion Rotary Club, often volunteering the use of his personal car to take crippled children to out-of-town clinics. While tending to his greenhouses in Rochester, he suffered a massive heart attack and died shortly after on January 23, 1942.

His son, Harold Sands, who took over operation of the Lone Star Inn when his father fled Albion in the face of bankruptcy, was killed in an altercation at Benn’s Grill on Winton Road in Rochester on October 11, 1942. After engaging a semi-pro football player named Pierson Thompson in a heated argument over clothing, Harold invited Pierson outside to settle the disagreement. Thompson obliged and struck Sands once in the head, fracturing his skull and killing him.

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“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 36

A quiet drive through the French countryside reveals the sprawling fields of golden wheat and green stalks of corn, the wind rushing through the hedgerows, and faint sounds of cattle. The openness of the landscape is broken up by the occasional town that contains century-old homes, churches, and schools, with the irregular modern buildings that house every amenity needed for the local community.

After passing eastward through the small village of Bony, one is greeted by an immense marble structure that displays the French phrase “Morts pour la patrie,” or “To those who died for their country.”

The Somme American Cemetery, situated on 14.3 acres of rolling countryside in the Picardie region, is the final resting place for over 1,800 men who died during the assault on the Hindenburg Line on September 29, 1918. The cemetery was peaceful while a small crew of caretakers meticulously aerated the grass amidst the rows of marble crosses. Despite the significance of the battle during which these men were killed, the last visitors to the cemetery came in April of 2017 when I visited in early July.

A beautiful marble chapel looms over the cemetery, the massive marble altar inside contains the inscription “Thou o Lord has granted them eternal rest.” The four sections of grave plots are surrounded by flowering plants and trees, while most notable are the beds of polyanthus roses that adorn the area near the flagpole at the center of the cemetery.

On this hallowed ground rests 138 unidentified soldiers, whose graves are marked by stones reading “Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God.” Not secluded in their own area, these brave souls rest among their fellow soldiers who rest in graves marked by Latin Crosses and Stars of David.

Among the graves are all familiar names, such as PFC Albert Beary, who left his young wife a widow after their marriage took place less than one year earlier. In an adjoining section rests Pvt. Jesse Brooks, whose life was cut short after volunteering for a reconnaissance mission near St. Quentin on October 14, 1918.

Yet far away from his fellow soldiers from Orleans County lies the body of Cpl. James P. Clark who courageously led his men after all other officers were either killed or wounded. Nearly twenty minutes after assuming command of his unit, he was gunned down by machine gun fire. The courage and tenacity exhibited by Clark on September 29, 1918 earned him the Distinguished Service Cross, prominently noted upon his marble cross.

This beautiful burial ground stands upon the same ground that these men sacrificed their lives upon. Overlooking the small village of Bony, it serves as a reminder that some men never reached their final objective. This sacred ground is overpowered by other monuments such as the massive Thiepval Memorial to the Missing of the Somme, a memorial that stands like a fortress in the French countryside, calling to memory the names of over 72,000 British and South African men who died in 1915 and 1918. Yet its quaint beauty is to be appreciated, a true representation of honor to our fallen soldiers who sacrificed so much nearly 100 years ago.

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Horace Greeley, an 1872 U.S. presidential candidate, once owned the Ward House that is now part of the Cobblestone Museum.

GAINES – The Cobblestone Museum needs community volunteers for a Ghost Walk on Oct. 8 from 1 to5 p.m. at the museum grounds near the intersection of routes 98 and 104.

The museum needs children and adults for the event, which will highlight suffragists from more than a century ago and also some prominent residents with ties to the museum, including Rufus Brown Bullock. He is the former governor of Georgia who grew up in Albion and returned to the village in his later years. Bullock is buried at Mount Albion. The museum has his outhouse.

The Ghost Walk also includes Horace Greeley, who briefly owned the Ward House, which was built in 1840 under the direction of John Proctor, a prominent early Gaines resident. (Proctor also will be a Ghost Walk character.)

Following Proctor’s ownership, the house was sold to Benjamin and Mary Ann Woodburn Dwinnell. Mary Anne was the aunt of Greeley, the famed New York Tribune editor who held the mortgage until 1863. When Greeley’s uncle became ill and could no longer make payments on the mortgage, Horace took control of the property. The home functioned as a private residence until 1975, when the property was purchased by the museum from Mrs. Inez Martyn Ward.

The Albion school district has been doing a Ghost Walk each fall for several years, but is taking a break this year. Some students are expected to be part of the Ghost Walk at the Cobblestone Museum.

One student, for example, will portray Grace Bedell, the Albion native who wrote a letter to Abraham Lincoln when she was 11. She encouraged him to grow a beard, believing it would increase his chances of winning the presidency. Lincoln took her advice.

Some other characters for the museum’s Ghost Walk include

• (Schoolhouse) William Babbitt (founder of school), John Cuneen (former state attorney general from Albion) and students

• (Ward House) Horace Greeley at the wake of his uncle Benjamin Dwinnel.  Mary Ann Dwinnell will also be there.

• (Voting Booth) Women Suffragettes

• (Cobblestone Church) John Proctor, Grace Befell and George Pullman

• (Blacksmith) Joe and Nellie Vagg

• (Printer) H. Hill and a customer – woman suffragette

• (Harness) JG Peters and Starr Chester

• (Farmer’s Hall) a Gaines farmer

• (5 seater outhouse) Rufus Brown Bullock

• (Cemetery) two women discussing the murder of Emma Hunt by William Lake at Farmer VanCamp’s home.

Actors need to be available for rehearsals, to memorize their role, and secure their own costume. Most of the parts are for working people so their attire would not have been too formal – pants, shirt, vest for men, and skirt and blouse for most of the women.

Anyone interested in volunteering for the Ghost Walk should call the museum at (585) 589-9013 and leave your contact information.

Photo by Tom Rivers: The former Voting House in Hamlin was moved to the Cobblestone Museum in Gaines in 1999. Suffragettes will be at this spot for a Ghost Walk on Oct. 8.

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Photos by Tom Rivers

GAINES – The Cobblestone Museum held a Historic Trades Fair today which highlighted 19^th century craftsmen, including Theresa Jewell of Clarendon, who did weaving with a loom. She owns the Stoney Meadows Alpacas and Stone Mountain Looms in Clarendon.

The day at the museum also featured a blacksmith, printer, weaver, wood joiner, chair caner, musicians, butter churner and many others as well as a Civil War encampment.

Fred Vieira plays bass for the musical group, Old Friends. They played outside next to the Farmers Hall.

Judy Larkin of Ridgeway demonstrated the art of chair caning.

Gary Deiboldt of Albion lets loose a pigeon that Tom Fuller, left, brought for the day. Fuller raises the pigeons in Medina. Fuller said the pigeons functioned as the country’s first postal service, delivering messages, often traveling hundreds of miles.

Fuller, a retired science teacher, let several people release a pigeon. The birds then took off and were expected to head home in Medina.

Fuller’s wife, Kimberly, demonstrated how to do spinning.

Georgia Thomas of Medina helped people learn how to make butter. It was a lot of work to shake the jars for at least 15 minutes.

Bill Ott of Lockport ran the blacksmith shop. Ott is a member of the New York State Designer Blacksmith Group.

David Damico fielded many questions at the print shop. The print shop was built in 1875. It used to be in Medina, but was moved to the museum grounds on Route 98 in 1977.

Dave Clark of Clarendon did demonstrations in the harness shop, including some shoe repairs.

Jim Bonafini, president of the Cobblestone Museum, showed a talent for wood joinery.

Jay Black of Albion, a member of the 4th South Carolina Infantry, showed a collection of knives, firearms, swords and bayonets.

Lillian Mathes, 12, of Barre and her grandmother, Doreen Clark of Clarendon, discussed historical seamstress work. Lillian made her own dress that is being judged at the State Fair.

Jan Brauer of Lewiston weaves a basket at the Historic Trades Fair.

Brenda Radzinski of Gaines discussed how herbs can be used in cookies and herb-infused water.

Natalee Bozzer, 8, of Corfu pokes her head through the cutout featuring Cobble the Museum Mouse. The museum sells a coloring book highlighting the character.

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“Overlooked Orleans” – Volume 3, Issue 35

Centuries ago, the Teutonic Knights established themselves within the Chełmno region of Poland. The country’s long and complex history is mired in conflict and subdivision, suffering its most catastrophic partition in the latter half of the 18th century. This once autonomous region was dominated by the Prussians and would remain so for over a century.

This beautiful church in Wabcz, constructed during the time of the Teutonic Knights, was a sacred place of worship for the Polish immigrants who arrived at Medina and Albion starting in the late 1870s. Oppressed culturally and religiously under German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, the free practice of the Catholic faith and retention of Polish culture was under threat. The Kulturkampf or “Culture Struggle” sought to decrease the power of the Catholic Church, imprisoning priests, making marriage a civil ceremony, and pushing German settlement of Polish lands.

The city of Chełmno, approximately 15 minutes from Wabcz, served as a central location for conscripting young men into military service. The cadet academy at Chełmno produced qualified military officers while duplicate baptismal records were sent to Berlin for use in tracking young men who attained the appropriate age for military service. There is little doubt that the influx of Polish immigrants during this period was, in part, the result of this forced military service.

The Church of Sts. Bartholomew and Anne at Wabcz is a stunning sanctuary amidst the rolling Polish countryside. Reminiscent of Orleans County, waving fields of golden wheat sprawl throughout the region, cut into segments by single-lane gravel roads. One is hard-pressed to find a local resident who speaks any English and many intersections are adorned by shrines to the Virgin Mary.

I attended Sunday Mass at this church, although I will admit I had no understanding of what exactly was happening. The loveliness of this quaint church was exactly what one might imagine, especially for those who grew up attending St. Mary’s Assumption in Albion or Sacred Heart in Medina. The side altars, adorned with sacred artwork, pay homage to the Virgin Mary while statues embellish the spaces around the main altar. A stunning depiction of the crucifixion sits above the sanctuary.

The Poles are devout in their visitation of the nearby cemetery after Mass. The building empties almost immediately after, where the faithful flock to their vehicles and drive up the road to attend to their flowers. Although the cemeteries no longer contain the names of our immigrant ancestors, the registers of the church contain those surnames that so commonly appear throughout Orleans County: Cichocki, Czachorowski, Danielewski (Daniels), Depczynski, Gurzinski, Kaniecki, Kwiatkowski, Norkowski (Noreck), Reis (Rice), and Sadowski, just to name a few.

Although most local Polish immigrants left their homes in the latter quarter of the 19th century, one would suspect that some family members remained behind. When the Nazis came through the region in 1939, Chełmno became a site for the imprisonment of the Polish intelligentsia in the Pomerania region. The nearby hamlet of Klamry, 14 kilometers from Wabcz, served as a site for the mass execution of approximately 2,000-2,500 inhabitants of the Chełmno region, mostly teachers, priests, political activists, and retired military members.

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