Farmers embraced this ‘AI’ that helped grow dairy herds with desired genetics
Family of county’s first AI technician donates relics from the New York State Artificial Breeders Cooperative

The New York State Artificial Breeders Cooperative was formed in 1938. This barn advertisement sign was distributed to NYSABC members.
Catherine Cooper, Orleans County Historian
“Illuminating Orleans” – Volume 6, No. 22
SHELBY – AI is much in the news at the moment. We understand those initials to refer to “artificial intelligence”. But these same initials have been used for many years to refer to a different form of human engineering: artificial insemination, a term that would be familiar to the farming community, and particularly to dairy farmers.
A recent donation to the Orleans County Department of History concerns this interesting aspect of Orleans County’s agricultural history.
Sue Albright Blevin of Kentucky recently visited Medina to attend her 65th High School reunion and took the opportunity to arrange for the donation to the Orleans County Dept. of History of several advertising items pertaining to her father’s occupation as a bovine reproductive AI technician. Sue’s parents were Howard and Florence Albright of Shelby. Sue recalled that as a young girl, the exact details of her father’s work were never explained to her. It was a new field at the time and not without controversy.
Bovine artificial insemination was developed in Europe around the turn of the 20th century. In the U.S., a collaboration between agricultural scientists at Cornell University and New York State farmers pioneered this new form of livestock reproduction. The New York State Artificial Breeders Cooperative (NYABC) was formed in 1938. Locally, the Orleans County Artificial Breeders, Inc. was formed in 1946. Howard Albright was hired as an AI technician that year and so was involved in explaining and promoting the service.
The arguments in favor of bovine AI were that it improved reproduction and genetics. A herd of 100 selected bulls was maintained at the State College of Agriculture in Ithaca.
Farmers could have access to champion bulls without having to own any. Bulls are massive and unpredictable and cause many farmworker injuries. Farmers could also select gender and specify specific traits such as meat quality or milk-yield.
Arguments against this new technology argued that it went against the natural order, was invasive and stressful to the animals, and that it reduced genetic variation by overusing a select number of elite bulls.
The AI service proved convenient, especially to dairy farmers. By 1956 the Orleans County Artificial Breeders Cooperative reported that it served 40% of Orleans County cows. Wayne Toal of Albion had been hired as a second AI technician for the county. There were 163 technicians in New York State.

Sign donated to Orleans County Dept. of History by family of Howard Albright, Orleans County’s first AI technician.
The Cooperative was run by Orleans County farmers. The following eight board members were selected at the 1966 meeting: Herman Hicks and David Mathes of Barre; Arthur Wilkins and Charles Beach of Medina; Dudley Mathes of Clarendon, Merle Woolston of Waterport; Maynard Moore of Kent; and Kenneth Knights of Knowlesville.
Later that year the NYABC merged with other northeastern cooperatives and eventually consolidated into the nationwide Genex.
Sue recalls that the telephone at their house was an essential part of her father’s business since farmers would call to arrange for service. Family members were trained to take accurate messages. She recalled that her father went to the Medina Railroad Depot daily to collect fresh supplies from Cornell.

Howard actively promoted the service. Photographed here are some of his giveaway items: a rain gauge, a paper holder and Beech-Nut gum.

Howard also sent bovine-themed Christmas cards to customers each year.
Howard Albright retired in 1972 and died in 1978 at the age of 71. His wife, Florence, who died in 2003, will be remembered by many as an active member of the Medina Historical Society. Howard and Florence are buried in Bates Road Cemetery































